International maritime cargo transportation refers to the act of a carrier transporting the goods consigned by the consignor from a port in one country to a port in another country by sea, using a sea-going vessel as a means of transportation and charging freight as a reward in accordance with the provisions of a maritime cargo transportation contract. International shipping is the most important mode of transportation in international trade. More than two-thirds of the total volume of international trade, and most of my country's imports and exports, are transported by sea.International Chamber of ShippingHow is the freight calculated? Let's learn about it with CZL.
1. Basic rate refers to the basic freight charged for each charging unit (such as one freight ton) of goods. Basic rates include grade rates, cargo rates, ad valorem rates, special rates and flat rates. Liner freight is composed of two parts: basic freight and surcharges.
2. Surcharges: In order to maintain the stability of the basic rate within a certain period of time and accurately reflect the shipping costs of various goods in various ports, liner companies have stipulated various fees in addition to the basic rate. The main ones are:
(1) Fuel surcharge: This is charged when fuel prices suddenly increase.
(2) Direct sailing surcharge: When the cargo volume shipped to a non-basic port reaches a certain level, the shipping company may arrange a direct sailing to that port without transshipment. This surcharge is charged.
(3) Port surcharges: Port surcharges are levied by shipping companies due to poor equipment conditions, low loading and unloading efficiency, and other reasons.
(4) Transshipment surcharge: For goods shipped to non-basic ports, they need to be transshipped to the destination port. The surcharge is charged by the shipowner, which includes the transshipment fee and the second-leg freight.
(5) Currency depreciation surcharge: When the currency depreciates, the shipowner charges a surcharge of a certain percentage of the basic freight rate to ensure that the actual income does not decrease.
(6) Port selection surcharge: When the cargo owner cannot determine the specific port of discharge at the time of consignment, and requires the shipper to select one of two or more ports proposed in advance to discharge the goods, this surcharge is charged by the shipper.
(7) Overweight surcharge, overlength surcharge and oversize surcharge. Surcharges are imposed when the gross weight, length or volume of a piece of cargo exceeds or reaches the values specified in the tariff.
(8) Surcharge for change of discharge port: a surcharge imposed when the cargo owner requests to change the originally specified port of discharge for the cargo, with the permission of the relevant authorities (such as customs) and the consent of the shipowner.
(9) Port congestion surcharge: Some ports charge a surcharge due to increased berthing time of ships due to congestion.
(10) Deviation surcharge: This is a surcharge charged by the shipowner when the normal navigation route is blocked and the ship must take a detour to transport the cargo to the destination port.
3. Freight calculation standard:
Freight is usually calculated by weight; by size or volume; by weight or size, whichever has the higher freight rate; charging a certain percentage of the FOB price of the goods as a fee, which is called ad valorem freight; charging per piece as a unit; and charging a price temporarily agreed upon by the ship and the cargo, which is called bargaining.
The above are the items included in the international shipping related fees compiled by CZL. The ocean freight for specific goods must also take into account the weight, volume and other information of the goods to calculate.
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